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| − | This page contains guides for the LFS Editor.
| + | {{Infobox LFS Editor}} |
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| − | = Video tutorials =
| + | This page contains '''guides''' how to make a [[Vehicle Mods|vehicle mod]] in the [[LFS Editor]]. |
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| − | # [https://youtu.be/9EPWaGraQfs LFS Mods Introduction] (11:49)
| + | == Guides == |
| − | # [https://youtu.be/05y8apUWyVs LFS Modeller Overview] (3:30)
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| − | # [https://youtu.be/As_aPoU2Qr4 View Controls Overview] (3:40)
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| − | # [https://youtu.be/vDSn_XkyGGM Updating a mod with a new version] (4:06)
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| − | # [https://youtu.be/eegTP5mo8Zk Building the Brickmobile: Part 1 - Model] (11:58)
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| − | # [https://youtu.be/Rf6HK_niFjo Exporting from Blender to LFS Editor] (3:01)
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| − | # [https://youtu.be/_HIrlxJMWnI Building the Brickmobile: Part 2 - Texturing] (9:24)
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| − | # [https://youtu.be/c9Pi0aYbA0c Building the Brickmobile: Part 3 - First Drive] (5:07)
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| − | # [https://youtu.be/JPbMCfZ8VmU LFS Steering Animation Editor] (12:09)
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| − | # [https://youtu.be/DAyiQbhvbYM Building the Brickmobile: Part 4 - Level of detail (LOD) meshes] (5:43)
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| − | # [https://youtu.be/l0iiQOk_1Os Building the Brickmobile: Part 5 - Masses and object positions] (5:22)
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| | | | |
| − | = General editor guides =
| + | {{LFS Editor Guides}} |
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| − | == Setting up suspension for bikes ==
| + | [[Category:LFS Editor|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] |
| − | | + | [[Category:Guides]] |
| − | === Rear suspension ===
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| − | The "trailing arm" suspension type is recommended for the rear suspension. You create a "trailing arm" object with its object centre at the pivot point for the rear suspension. That must correspond with a "lower pivot" point in the vehicle editor.
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| − | === Front suspension ===
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| − | In the modeller:
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| − | 1) Adjust the "steering wheel" (handlebar) object so that the rotation point is aligned with the top bolt - the centre of the top bolt should have x=0 and y=0.
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| − | After the "steering wheel" is in the right place, then back in the vehicle editor:
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| − | 2) Increase the "Trail Reduction" in the {{old button|Steering / Driver|#a1ffa1}} section to match the offset between the stanchions and the steering axis. As you do that, the wheel moves forward. So then you reduce the "Forward" value in "Suspension" section by the same amount to compensate. By trial and error you can end up with the steering axis line going straight through the centre of the bolt, then the steering should work correctly.
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| − | = Vehicle editor guides =
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| − | This section contains guides for the LFS Vehicle Editor features.
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| − | == Adjusting masses ==
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| − | Press {{key press|S}} for 'special draw' in the vehicle editor. You can see the positions of various masses (e.g. engine / fuel tank). You can adjust their positions in the {{old button|Object Positions|#a1ffa1}} section. Also you can edit the 'frame' which is only for mass distribution. Frame elements should be placed around the vehicle, as an approximation of where mass would be. You can get the desired mass and weight distribution by adjusting positions of the cuboid masses and the frame elements.
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| − | To create a frame element, you first add points then add a frame element between those points. Click {{old button|new point|#ffa13b}} then use the drag handles to move the point where you want it to be. With a point selected you can click {{old button|dup pt|#ffa13b}} to duplicate that point. The new point is in the same place as the point you duplicated, so make sure you move it away. To connect two points with a frame element, clicking to select one point, then hold down {{key press|Shift}} and click the second point. A frame element should appear and you can change its mass by adjusting the {{old button|TUBE mass per metre|#a1fafa}} slider bar.
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| − | After constructing a frame you may with to increase or decrease the mass of the frame, without adjusting each element individually. In the {{old button|Mass|#a1ffa1}} section, you can see the frame's mass at the top of the list of masses. See plus and minus buttons beside {{old button|Scale Frame Mass|#959595}}.
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| − | * {{key press|left click}} - big steps
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| − | * {{key press|right click}} - smaller steps
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| − | * {{key press|Ctrl|right click}} - even smaller steps
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| − | | |
| − | == Setting suspension types ==
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| − | To set double wishbone suspension you will need a thrust bearing, and upper and lower pivot. These are points on the car body, created in the vehicle editor in the same way as 'frame' points then set to the appropriate type.
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| − | # Press S for 'Special Draw'
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| − | # Click {{old button|new point|#ffa13b}} (near the top right)
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| − | # Position this point somewhere inboard of the lower part of the front suspension
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| − | # Adjust {{old button|POINT type}} to 'lower pivot'
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| − | # Deselect that point by clicking on it
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| − | # Repeat steps 2 to 5 to create an 'upper pivot' somewhere above the lower pivot
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| − | # Repeat steps 2 to 5 to create a 'thrust bearing' somewhere above the pivot points
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| − | # Now you can set the type to Double Wishbone (in the {{old button|Suspension|#a1ffa1}} tab at top left)
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| − | For single seaters you will probably want to add additional points and tubes so you form a 'wishbone' shape instead of a single rod connecting the suspension to the car.
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| − | For examples you can have a look at the existing Formula cars.
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| − | After setting up the suspension, press {{key press|Shift|L}} to see a diagram of the suspension geometry and press {{key press|space}} to see how it reacts when the car is dropped. You can also switch on the {{old button|Zero Springs Test|#ffa13b}} in {{old button|Suspension|#a1ffa1}} tab (at the top left) to see how the car falls down to the bump stops. This can help you to observe the way the camber changes according to the suspension geometry.
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| − | == Adjusting aerodynamics ==
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| − | In the {{old button|Aerodynamics|#a1ffa1}} section, the sliders set the downforce values for a theoretical speed of 1 m/s, for a wing at the maximum angle of attack 30 degrees. These values are related to the square of speed, so at 10 m/s the downforce and drag values will be far higher than the theoretical values. You can see a representation of the downforce and drag at various speeds in the {{button|Downforce|light}} tab at the bottom right of the screen.
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| − | # Hide the bottom right editor buttons by clicking the {{old button|−}} button in bottom right corner
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| − | # Select the {{button|Downforce|light}} tab of the default setup
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| − | # Adjust the {{button|Test speed}} to see how much force you will get with the default wing settings
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| − | NOTE: The downforce and drag forces are applied at the locations of the aerodynamic subobjects of the model. In the modeller, in 'subob' mode, these subobjects are shown in blue and have a letter code indicating their subobject type:
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| − | * {{old button|R|#a1a1ff}} - rear wing
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| − | * {{old button|F|#a1a1ff}} - front wing
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| − | * {{old button|U|#a1a1ff}} - undertray
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| − | * {{old button|C|#a1a1ff}} - aero centre
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| − | == Simple optimisations ==
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| − | Concealed Wheels (in {{old button|Wheel Object|#a1ffa1}} section) - Please use this option if the inside of your wheels is fully concealed (e.g. most road cars). The most obvious difference is that the tyre manufacturer logo will not be drawn on the inside of the wheel. Also the spokes may not be drawn when the wheel is seen from the hidden side. A case where you would <u>not</u> use this option: single seater racing car.
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| − | Concealed Driver (in {{old button|Wheel Object|#a1ffa1}} section) - Please use this option if the driver's body is not usually visible. This is the case for most cars (e.g. road cars and single seaters) and can help the frame rate when there are a few cars around. The helmet will be drawn in any case but the driver's body will not be drawn if the viewer is firther away. Some cases where you would <u>not</u> use this option: karts or motorbikes.
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| − | == Driver animations ==
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| − | In the animation editor you can edit the sit and steer animations. Press {{key press|A}} in the vehicle editor to enter the animation editor. Buttons to save and load animations are at the top left. Driver animations are named str_xxx and passenger animations (which have a single frame) are named sit_xxx. The 'xxx' part of the name is up to 7 characters and can be set in the {{old button|Driver|#a1ffa1}} section in the vehicle editor.
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| − | To edit a steering animation: ({{key press|LMB}} = left mouse button)
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| − | # Enter animation editor by pressing {{key press|A}} in the vehicle editor
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| − | # Note the buttons {{old button|show skeleton|#ffd3a1}} and {{old button|show object|#ffd3a1}} at bottom right
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| − | # Select an individual frame on the timeline at bottom left
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| − | # Select any bone you want to move or rotate (switch {{old button|show skeleton|#ffd3a1}} on and {{old button|show object|#ffd3a1}} off to make this clearer)
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| − | # Hold {{key press|Q}}/{{key press|W}}/{{key press|E}} for x/y/z rotation - rotate by dragging left or right with {{key press|LMB}}
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| − | # Hold {{key press|A}}/{{key press|S}}/{{key press|D}} for x/y/z movement - drag with {{key press|LMB}} in relevant direction
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| − | # Check for smooth movement by moving the timeline slider
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| − | # Click {{old button|SAVE as STR|#a1ffa1}} to save the file (in your data\move folder)
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| − | NOTE: The steering animation should contain very little head movement and rotation. The game automatically applies head rotation and lean in real time for steering and lateral force.
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| − | == Editing dashboard ==
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| − | In the dashboard editor you can edit the positions of various parts of the dashboard, or switch some gauges or lights on or off. In the vehicle editor open the {{old button|Textures|#a1ffa1}} tab. Beside the word {{old button|CLOCKS}} you can click to select the dashboard type. This strange looking name, e.g. "s_clock_formula" is actually a specially named live texture that you can enter in 'page' mode in the modeller, as a texture page either for the main object or a subobject. To edit the selected dashboard, click the EDIT button. It is a good idea to switch off any lights or gauges you don't need.
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| − | == Collaboration - More than one person working on a mod ==
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| − | There is a feature to help with sharing a complete mod with its development files. Unlike exporting for upload, this function copies png files rather than creating dds textures. It doesn't automatically create a zip. It simply gathers all the files and saves them in a structured share folder ready for copying.
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| − | After creating the initial vehicle and working on it a bit, you can click {{old button|export to share vehicle for development|#959595}} at the top right.
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| − | That exports veh, engine sound, animations, png in a directory structure in a 'share' folder. So you can zip up those folders inside 'share', send it to your collaborator who will unzip it to 'data' on their computer. Now the exact same mod exists on both computers.
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| − | From that point on, if only the collaborator works on it they could do the same to return the updated mod back to you. But if you both continue to work on the project at the same time you will probably manually share updated files.
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| − | Two people should usually not work on the actual vehicle editor settings at the same time, as you would need to manually merge the changes. It may be that one person works on the vehicle settings, while another works on the 3D model. The 3D model can be saved out from the modeller and sent to be loaded in on the remote computer. A complete wheel style file can also be saved or loaded - {{old button|LOAD WHL|#a1ffa1}} / {{old button|SAVE WHL|#a1ffa1}} in the wheel object section. Engine can also be saved separately.
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| − | There is also a function {{old button|export for DV|#a1a1ff}} in the {{old button|Textures|#a1ffa1}} section. This copies all png textures to data\png_export. For example the person working on the 3d model might save the 3D model into data\3dob and do a png export then send those files to the person working on the veh. The veh person would then save the png files into data\png load the model (in the modeller, accessed from the vehicle editor).
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| − | = Modeller guides =
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| − | This section contains guides for the LFS Modeller features.
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| − | == Background images ==
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| − | You can load background images to help with modelling.
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| − | * Save a square png image (probably 1024x1024 or 2048x2048) in your data\bkg folder
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| − | * Go into a 2D view ({{key press|R}}/{{key press|F}}/{{key press|V}} etc.)
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| − | * At the bottom right click {{old button|load bkg|#00ff00}} to load your image
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| − | * Click {{old button|adjust|#a1ffa1}} then use the mouse to adjust the position and size
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| − | * After clicking {{old button|adjust|#a1ffa1}} you can also click {{old button|bkg scale|#ffffa1}} to type in the scale
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| − | * Repeat the steps above for any of the other main 2D views
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| − | * Then click {{old button|save scm|#a1ffa1}} which saves the whole scheme of adjusted backgrounds so you can easily load it next time
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| − | * The "use opposite" option: for example on the left side it will use the right side image and position, automatically flipped
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| − | == Customisable colours ==
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| − | You can set colours to be adjustable, when a user enters the garage screen and clicks {{button|New colours}}.
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| − | This is done by giving some of the mappings a special name. Each mapping has a colour, but sometimes you want several mappings to have the same colour. For example the top and side mappings of a car. You can define a "Main" colour and "Copied" colours. So for example you could set top mapping to be a Main colour, then assign the side, front and rear mappings to be Copied colours of the top. Main colours are identified by the letter M followed by a number, while copied colours are identified by the letter C followed by the same number.
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| − | Taking the example above, you could name your mappings (colours) like this:
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| − | <pre>M1_top
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| − | C1_side
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| − | C1_front
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| − | C1_rear</pre>
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| − | As soon as you set the names this way, you will notice the C1 colours aren't adjustable in the modeller. You can adjust the M1 colour and all the C1 colours will take the same value. Also this colour is now adjustable by the user, in the settings block. You can see that in the vehicle editor in the Colours section.
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| − | You can allow more than one customisable colour group, as seen on some of the LFS cars. This is done by creating M2 / C2 colours, up to a maximum of 4 customisable colours.
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| − | Note 1: You can use copied colours without them being adjustable by users. Use higher values than 4. E.g. M5_original and C5_copy.
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| − | Note 2: Customisable colours are also available for subobjects. To use this feature, select the subobject and switch on {{old button|use custom colours}}
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| − | Advanced: You can also create a darker copy of the main colour, by using the prefix 'D' for dark or 'E' for extra dark. This can be useful to fake reduced ambient lighting if you are adding surfaces in a place where there should be less light. For example:
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| − | <pre>M1_main - the user can set this colour
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| − | C1_copy - direct copy of M1_main
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| − | D1_dark - darker copy of M1_main
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| − | E1_extra - extra dark copy of M1_main</pre>
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| − | == Light colours: headlights, indicators, etc. ==
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| − | All light mappings have a name with prefix "l_".
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| − | The cutouts for all light mappings must share a single texture page.
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| − | The special names for light mappings are:
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| − | <pre>l_brk - brake (main mapping of brake light)
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| − | l_sbrk - side brake (e.g. side of a curved brake light)
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| − | l_tbrk - top brake (e.g. top of a curved brake light)
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| − | l_cbrk - centre brake (e.g. brake light in rear window)
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| − | l_head - headlight (main headlights)
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| − | l_side - side light (smaller lights near headlights)
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| − | l_tail - tail light (red rear lights)
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| − | l_stail - side tail light (e.g. side of a curved tail light)
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| − | l_ttail - top tail light (e.g. top of a curved tail light)
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| − | l_rind - rear indicator
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| − | l_find - front indicator
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| − | l_rsind - rear side indicator
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| − | l_fsind - front side indicator
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| − | l_rfog - rear fog light
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| − | l_ffog - front fog light
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| − | l_rev - reversing light</pre>
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| − | == Level of detail (LOD) and Shadow / Physics / Collision meshes ==
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| − | When you first start work on a mod, you can test it in LFS with only a single level of detail. That is the main graphical LOD, known as LOD1. But your mod cannot be uploaded to the website like that. It needs at least a physics or collision mesh, and finished mods should usually have a shadow mesh too.
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| − | There are two possible LOD choices for a mod you upload to the website.
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| − | === Work in progress / test mod - 2 levels of detail ===
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| − | LOD1: The main graphical LOD<br />
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| − | LOD2: The low resolution physics / collision mesh<br />
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| − | In this case, the collision mesh doubles as the shadow casting mesh. For most models this approximation is too crude, because the collision mesh is very limited in the number of points and triangles. But it's fine for early testing.
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| − | === Completed mods usually have 3 levels of detail ===
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| − | LOD1: The main graphical LOD<br />
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| − | LOD2: The shadow and distance view mesh<br />
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| − | LOD3: The low resolution physics / collision mesh<br />
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| − | In this case, LOD2 is drawn when the mod is in the middle distance. This saves the graphics card doing a lot of work drawing detail that you can't see and helps with frame rate. This LOD should be a good representation of the shape of your mod, so it looks good in the distance, and casts a good looking shadow. LOD3 is only used as a visual representation when the mod is very far away. Its main purpose is for collisions with other vehicles or when your mod hits a wall or rolls over.
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| − | === How to add an automatically created physics / collision mesh ===
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| − | * In the modeller, click the {{old button|+|#959595}} button to the right of {{old button|lod1|#ffd3a1}} (near the top left) to add a new LOD
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| − | * Now select {{old button|lod2|#ffd3a1}} or {{old button|lod3|#ffd3a1}} (the newly created, empty LOD)
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| − | * Click {{old button|auto-create collision mesh}}
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| − | The automatically created collision mesh is created based on the size of the existing LOD1 (high detail) mesh. This should provide basic collision physics but you will probably want to improve the shape to make it a better match for your vehicle.
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| − | == Draw order of materials ==
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| − | You can see a material list in the vehicle editor {{old button|Textures}} tab. That should represent the draw order of the materials.
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| − | To actually change the draw order of the materials, you adjust the draw order of the cutouts in the modeller. The draw order is assigned by the order the materials are first encountered in the cutout list. The material's index is the number on the right of the 'material' column in the list of cutouts.
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| − | The idea is to make sure the material for the steel frame appears in the cutout list before the material for the cloth cover. For example if you selected a material with material index '2' and move it to the top of the list, then on reaching the top, it should acquire material index '1'. What was material 1 will become material 2.
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| − | == Draw order of individual triangles ==
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| − | Within materials, triangles are drawn in the order they appear in the internal list of triangles. LFS doesn't give you direct control over this list, but you can improve the draw order by clicking {{old button|magic triangle sort|#a1fafa}}. This function tries to adjust the draw order so that further away triangles are likely to be drawn first. This may be better than randomly ordered triangles, and may help with "Z fight" problems if the nearby surfaces share a material so you can't manually correct the draw order by ordering the materials.
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| − | == Creating a skin texture ==
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| − | NOTE: If you don't know how to apply textures to a car in the modeller, you can follow this [https://youtu.be/_HIrlxJMWnI video tutorial about texturing].
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| − | A skin is a special texture designed to cover the paintwork of your vehicle so that other people can create their own custom paint jobs. The idea is to uniquely cover the whole paint surface of the vehicle without any part of the texture being used more than once. As a mod creator you may take on the task of creating a default skin that people can modify to use when driving your mod. Here are a few tips for designing skins.
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| − | [[Image:LFS Editor skin mapping.jpg|thumb|Roof and bonnet skin mapping for XR GT TURBO. In the bottom left corner, notice the buttons for linking the selected mapping with other mappings.]] | |
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| − | === Tips ===
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| − | | |
| − | * A skin must be created as 1024 or 2048 square image. It can be a blank image for start. To load it into LFS it must be saved as a JPG in your data\skins folder, with a name like ABC123_NAME.jpg where ABC123 is the Skin ID of your mod and NAME is a name for the texture (usually DEFAULT for a plain texture). To use a skin in the editor, there must be a page of type "skin" named after the skin file in data\skins.
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| − | * The artists who create custom skins prefer everything lined up as well as possible, so try to use the options {{old button|link with SIDE|#a1a1ff}} / {{old button|link with FRONT|#a1a1ff}} / {{old button|link with BACK|#a1a1ff}} / {{old button|link with TOP|#a1a1ff}} for the main mappings, so your mappings have the correct width.
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| − | | |
| − | * You can type in the height of the mapping, to make sure front, back, side mappings have the same height (right click on a value to edit it manually). You can also type in the right, front, up values.
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| − | * Try to keep the pixels of your mappings fairly square (cutout has a similar aspect ratio to the mapping). The squarer they are, the easier for your skin artists.
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| − | * Not *everything* needs to be skinned from a proper direction. E.g. skin artists may be quite happy with a single mapping for a wing mirror, probably from the front, that goes right through the object (so the side and top surfaces are not individually mapped). Smaller mappings don't 'link' with any other mapping.
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| − | * Skins on models with complex shapes may have the added complication of overlapped areas. So you should plan this in advance, where you want the MAIN top, front, side, back mappings and allow enough space for the overlapped areas to be mapped separately. You may wish to follow the general idea of one of our default skins, and change it to suit your needs.
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| − | === Things needed ===
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| − | | |
| − | * a skin file located in data\skins folder, with a name like ABC123_NAME.jpg
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| − | * a page of type "skin" called ABC123_NAME where ABC123 is the Skin ID of your mod and NAME is a name for the skin texture
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| − | * multiple cutouts using that skin page, usually for each view of the car (left, right, front, back, top) - this may vary depending on the shape complexity of the car
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| − | * mappings using those cutouts and assigned to the respective triangles of the model
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| − | | |
| − | === Generating a skin template ===
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| − | Once you have all mappings in place, there is a function to generate a skin template for your car. It takes the correct size screenshot of all assigned mappings for the skin texture, and copies that to the clipboard so you can paste it into your work-in-progress skin in your 2D graphics software.
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| − | Go to 'page' mode, click the skin texture page and you will see multiple buttons for exporting a skin texture:
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| − | * {{old button|create shaded skin texture}} - this texture is cut out exactly around the outer edges of the model, which may result in unwanted visible seams when the skin is applied on the car.
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| − | * {{old button|black and white skin texture}} - this includes some overlaps to eliminate seams around the edges of the mappings.
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| − | * {{old button|white background wireframe}}
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| − | * {{old button|black background wireframe}}
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| − | | |
| − | <gallery mode=packed widths="250px" heights="250px">
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| − | LFS Editor skin texture page.jpg|Skin texture page options in the LFS editor. Notice that it is of type "skin" in the list of pages. On the left side, there are buttons for exporting a skin texture or a wireframe mesh to the clipboard.
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| − | LFS Editor skin exports.jpg|Automatic skin texture export features
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| − | </gallery>
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| − | == Importing from other 3D modelling software ==
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| − | You can import the points and triangles from another 3D program by exporting an OBJ file and loading it into LFS from the data\obj folder. To import an OBJ file into the modeller, click the {{old button|OBJ|#ffffa1}} button. Texture mappings and materials are not imported.
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| − | How to export from Blender:
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| − | === Scale ===
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| − | LFS uses metres for units. If you use another unit, please export using an appropriate scale.
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| − | === Position ===
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| − | Your model should be approximately centred over the origin and ideally the body should sit on the ground (without the correct ride height)
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| − | === Backface culling ===
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| − | Live for Speed uses single sided triangles. While modelling in blender and before exporting, make sure you look at your model with back face culling enabled so you can be sure the surfaces are facing the right way.
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| − | === Export Settings - Export OBJ file ===
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| − | Transform:<br />
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| − | - Y forward / Z up (so the model is oriented correctly in LFS)
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| − | Geometry:<br />
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| − | - Write normals (so LFS can work out smoothing groups)<br />
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| − | - Triangulate faces (as LFS geometry is based on triangles)
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| − | == Extrude and Lathe functions ==
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| − | To use the extrude or lathe functions, first you select a series of points in order to create a cross section that you will either extrude linearly (extrude) or rotate around a point (lathe).
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| − | You can see the cross section by enabling the {{old button|trace}} option in point mode, then selecting points in the correct order.
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| − | The trace function has two modes:
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| − | * {{old button|incl|#a1a1ff}} - include the last selected point
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| − | * {{old button|excl|#a1a1ff}} - don't include the last selected point
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| − | It can sometimes be confusing which order to select the points, and then choose 'inside' or 'outside' to get the desired effect.
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| − | === Extrusion ===
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| − | * Put your viewpoint on the side so that you will pull the extrusion towards you
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| − | * Select the trace points in anti-clockwise direction as seen from that point
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| − | * Create extrusion by clicking {{old button|extrude|#a1ffa1}} (and select outside, inside, etc.)
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| − | * Pull the points towards you
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| − | Then you should find that your inside / outside request is respected.
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| − | === Lathe ===
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| − | * Put your view on the side where the lathe operation will initially head towards (at the start of the curve)
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| − | * Select the trace points in anti-clockwise direction as seen from that point
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| − | * Rotation will take place around the last point you select (which may or may not be included as part of the cross-section)
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| − | * Go to 2D view and create lathe object by clicking {{old button|lathe|#a1ffa1}} (and select outside, inside, etc.)
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| − | == Moving parts of a model to a different model ==
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| − | This is done by saving a subobject from one mesh and loading that subobject into another mesh. In 'subob' mode, with a subobject selected, you can see light green {{old button|load|#a1ffa1}} and {{old button|save|#a1ffa1}} buttons beside the word {{old button|subobject}} at the bottom left. These will load and save subobjects with the extension '.sre' in the folder data\3dob.
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| − | But what if the parts you want to move are not part of a subobject? In this case you can use the 'break off' and 'merge' functions.
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| − | * Create a new empty subobject
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| − | * Select the triangles in the main object that you want to move to another object
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| − | * Click the {{old button|break off|#ffa13b}} button
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| − | * The triangles (and mappings) are moved into the new subobject
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| − | * Save the subobject
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| − | * Load the mesh where you want to add the subobject
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| − | * Add a new, empty subobject to that mesh
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| − | * Load the saved subobject into your new empty subobject and move it to the right position
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| − | * Optionally, click {{old button|merge into main|#ffffa1}} to merge the new subobject into the main object
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| − | {{Vehicle mods}}
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